学院与科大讯飞合作“厦门大学-科大讯飞闽南语语音与语言联合实验室”，第一阶段的语音识别演示系统，可能只是简单的闽南语孤立词识别。现成的演示系统有去年写的android演示程序。打算再写个PC端的演示系统，基本的引擎已经搭建好，后续界面和数据库方面再调整优化。再来，最近学习Golang，怎么可以不用上呢？web版演示系统，golang（Beego框架）（后端） + HTML5（前端） + MongoDB（数据库）。
本节，主要讲解web前端的录音工作，以及通过HTML5 websocket传输音频流数据到后端并保存。
来看下代码：
record.html:
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset = "utf-8"/>
<title>PONPON Chat by WebSockets</title>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/lib/recorder.js"> </script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="/static/lib/jquery-1.10.1.min.js"> </script>
<style type='text/css'>
</style>
</head>
<body>
<audio controls autoplay></audio>
<form>
<input type="button" id="record" value="录音">
<input type="button" id="export" value="发送">
</form>
<div id="message"></div>
</body>
<script type='text/javascript'>
//回调函数
var onFail = function(e) {
console.log('Rejected!', e);
}; //回调函数
var onSuccess = function(s) {
var context = new webkitAudioContext();
var mediaStreamSource = context.createMediaStreamSource(s);
rec = new Recorder(mediaStreamSource);
}
//window.URL = URL || window.URL || window.webkitURL;
navigator.getUserMedia = navigator.getUserMedia ||
navigator.webkitGetUserMedia || navigator.mozGetUserMedia ||
navigator.msGetUserMedia;
var rec;
var audio = document.querySelector('#audio');
function startRecording() {
if (navigator.getUserMedia) {
//onSuccess, onFail分别为getUserMedia成功或失败的回调函数
navigator.getUserMedia({audio: true}, onSuccess, onFail);
} else {
console.log('navigator.getUserMedia not present');
}
}
startRecording();
//--------------------
$('#record').click(function() {
rec.record();
var dd = ws.send("start");
$("#message").text("Click export to stop recording");
/*
setInterval函数，看到后面3000没？意思是周期为3000毫
秒，每过3000毫秒，执行一次前面的function，在此处就是
执行function内的rec.clear()和ws.send(blob),直到
clearInterval(intervalKey)函数出现则停止
*/
intervalKey = setInterval(function() {
rec.exportWAV(function(blob) {
rec.clear();
ws.send(blob);
//audio.src = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
});
}, 3000);
});
$('#export').click(function() {
// first send the stop command
rec.stop();
ws.send("stop");
clearInterval(intervalKey);
$("#message").text("已发送到服务器！");
});
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://' + window.location.host + '/record/join');
ws.onopen = function () {
console.log("Openened connection to websocket");
};
ws.onclose = function (){
console.log("Close connection to websocket");
}
ws.onerror = function (){
console.log("Cannot connection to websocket");
}
ws.onmessage = function(e) {
audio.src = URL.createObjectURL(e.data);
}
</script>
</html>
这段代码关键在于navigator.getUserMedia来获得客户端的媒体资源。进入该页面，将向chrome浏览器客户端请求媒体资源。请求成功后：
//创建webkitAudio资源
var context = new webkitAudioContext();
//创建媒体流
var mediaStreamSource = context.createMediaStreamSource(s);
//录音实例
rec = new Recorder(mediaStreamSource);
开始录音，执行rec.record()，看下recorder.js：
(function(window) {
var WORKER_PATH = '/static/lib/recorderWorker.js';
var Recorder = function(source, cfg) {
var config = cfg || {};
var bufferLen = config.bufferLen || 4096*2;
this.context = source.context;
/*
下面 createJavaScriptNode()中后两个参数分别为
输入、输出声道数。1指单声道，2指多声道
*/
this.node = this.context.createJavaScriptNode(bufferLen, 2, 2);
var worker = new Worker(config.workerPath || WORKER_PATH);
worker.postMessage({
command: 'init',
config: {
sampleRate: this.context.sampleRate
}
});
var recording = false,
currCallback;
this.node.onaudioprocess = function(e) {
if (!recording) return;
worker.postMessage({
command: 'record',
buffer: [
//获得左声道数据
e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(0)
,
//获得右声道数据
e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(1)
]
});
}
this.configure = function(cfg) {
for (var prop in cfg) {
if (cfg.hasOwnProperty(prop)) {
config[prop] = cfg[prop];
}
}
}
this.record = function() {
recording = true;
}
this.stop = function() {
recording = false;
}
this.clear = function() {
worker.postMessage({
command: 'clear'
});
}
this.getBuffer = function(cb) {
currCallback = cb || config.callback;
worker.postMessage({
command: 'getBuffer'
})
}
this.exportWAV = function(cb, type) {
currCallback = cb || config.callback;
type = type || config.type || 'audio/wav';
if (!currCallback) throw new Error('Callback not set');
worker.postMessage({
command: 'exportWAV',
type: type
});
}
worker.onmessage = function(e) {
var blob = e.data;
currCallback(blob);
}
source.connect(this.node);
this.node.connect(this.context.destination); //this should not be necessary
};
Recorder.forceDownload = function(blob, filename) {
var url = (window.URL || window.webkitURL).createObjectURL(blob);
alert(url);
var link = window.document.createElement('a');
link.href = url;
link.download = filename || 'output.wav';
var click = document.createEvent("Event");
click.initEvent("click", true, true);
link.dispatchEvent(click);
}
window.Recorder = Recorder;
})(window);
this.node.onaudioprocess，从录音缓冲去录音samples数据，注意：worker.postMessage({
command: 'record',
buffer: [
e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(0)
,
e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(1)
]
});
buffer将从录音设备获取两个声道的数据。
recorderWorker.js
var recLength = 0,
recBuffersL = [],
recBuffersR = [],
sampleRate;
this.onmessage = function(e) {
switch (e.data.command) {
case 'init':
init(e.data.config);
break;
case 'record':
record(e.data.buffer);
break;
case 'exportWAV':
exportWAV(e.data.type);
break;
case 'getBuffer':
getBuffer();
break;
case 'clear':
clear();
break;
}
};
function init(config) {
sampleRate = config.sampleRate ;
}
//从录音设备获得两个声道的数据
function record(inputBuffer) {
recBuffersL.push(inputBuffer[0]);
recBuffersR.push(inputBuffer[1]);
recLength += inputBuffer[0].length;
}
//发送处理好的dataview数据
function exportWAV(type) {
var bufferL = mergeBuffers(recBuffersL, recLength);
var bufferR = mergeBuffers(recBuffersR, recLength);
var interleaved = interleave(bufferL , bufferR);
var dataview = encodeWAV(interleaved);
var audioBlob = new Blob([dataview], {
type: type
});
this.postMessage(audioBlob);
}
//从录音缓冲读取数据存入发送缓冲
function getBuffer() {
var buffers = [];
buffers.push(mergeBuffers(recBuffersL, recLength));
buffers.push( mergeBuffers(recBuffersR, recLength) );
this.postMessage(buffers);
}
//清除录音缓冲数据
function clear(inputBuffer) {
recLength = 0;
recBuffersL = [];
recBuffersR = [];
}
//合并数据
function mergeBuffers(recBuffers, recLength) {
var result = new Float32Array(recLength);
var offset = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < recBuffers.length; i++) {
result.set(recBuffers[i], offset);
offset += recBuffers[i].length;
}
return result;
}
//合并交错左右声道数据
function interleave(inputL, inputR){
// function interleave(inputL) {
var length = inputL.length + inputR.length ;
var result = new Float32Array(length);
var index = 0,
inputIndex = 0;
while (index < length) {
result[index++] = inputL[inputIndex];
result[index++] = inputR[inputIndex];
inputIndex++;
}
return result;
}
//数据转码16bit
function floatTo16BitPCM(output, offset, input) {
for (var i = 0; i < input.length; i++, offset += 2) {
var s = Math.max(-1, Math.min(1, input[i]));
output.setInt16(offset, s < 0 ? s * 0x8000 : s * 0x7FFF, true);
}
}
function writeString(view, offset, string) {
for (var i = 0; i < string.length; i++) {
view.setUint8(offset + i, string.charCodeAt(i));
}
}
//写入44位 wav数据头
function encodeWAV(samples) {
var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(44 + samples.length * 2);
var view = new DataView(buffer);
/* RIFF identifier */
writeString(view, 0, 'RIFF');
/* file length */
view.setUint32(4, 32 + samples.length * 2, true);
/* RIFF type */
writeString(view, 8, 'WAVE');
/* format chunk identifier */
writeString(view, 12, 'fmt ');
/* format chunk length */
view.setUint32(16, 16, true);
/* sample format (raw) */
view.setUint16(20, 1, true);
/* channel count */
view.setUint16(22, 2, true);
/* sample rate */
view.setUint32(24, sampleRate, true);
/* byte rate (sample rate * block align) */
view.setUint32(28, sampleRate * 4, true);
/* block align (channel count * bytes per sample) */
view.setUint16(32, 4, true);
/* bits per sample */
view.setUint16(34, 16, true);
/* data chunk identifier */
writeString(view, 36, 'data');
/* data chunk length */
view.setUint32(40, samples.length * 2, true);
floatTo16BitPCM(view, 44, samples);
return view;
}
目前,只能录制48000Hz 16Bit 数据。我调整了录制参数，所需目标格式为8000Hz 16Bit Mono语音数据，但是失败了，录制出的数据仍然是48000Hz 16Bit。由于对前端javascript代码完全不了解，后续再来研究怎么解决这个录音格式的问题。
补：录制单声道的话，在recorder.js中修改this.context.createJavaScriptNode(bufferLen, 1, 1)，在recorderWorker.js中把右声道的数据都砍掉就ok了。
再回头看record.html中：
//进入页面服务器发送websocket握手请求
var ws = new WebSocket('ws://' + window.location.host + '/record/join');
//握手成功
ws.onopen = function () {
console.log("Openened connection to websocket");
};
//断开连接
ws.onclose = function (){
console.log("Close connection to websocket");
}
//握手失败
ws.onerror = function (){
console.log("Cannot connection to websocket");
}
每次刷新登入该页面，客户端就会向服务器发送websocket握手请求，握手成功后，js代码中录好音之后 将ws.send(数据)对应到button上，点击按钮就可发送数据了。
golang beego框架后端怎么来处理数据呢？在页面对应的controllers上的代码上定义controller的join方法，代码较为简陋，初步实现功能，后续加上channel等来完善：
package controllers
import (
"bufio"
"github.com/astaxie/beego"
"github.com/garyburd/go-websocket/websocket"
"net/http"
"os"
"path"
"strings"
)
type RecordController struct {
beego.Controller
}
func (this *RecordController) Join() {
//获取请求端的IP地址
remoteAddr := strings.Split(this.Ctx.Request.RemoteAddr, ":")[0]
mlogger.i("Reciving Record Data From Host: " + remoteAddr)
//获取websocket的连接实例
ws, err := websocket.Upgrade(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, this.Ctx.Request.Header, nil, 1024, 1024)
if _, ok := err.(websocket.HandshakeError); ok {
http.Error(this.Ctx.ResponseWriter, "Not a websocket handshake", 400)
return
} else if err != nil {
beego.Error("Cannot setup WebSocket connection:", err)
return
}
//以IP地址作为保存wav文件的文件名
wavName := "record/" + remoteAddr + ".wav"
os.MkdirAll(path.Dir(wavName), os.ModePerm)
_, e := os.Stat(wavName)
if e == nil {
//删除已有wav文件
os.Remove(wavName)
}
f, err := os.Create(wavName)
mlogger.i("Host: " + remoteAddr + " creating file handler ...")
defer f.Close()
if err != nil {
mlogger.e(err)
return
}
w := bufio.NewWriter(f)
for {
//从websocket上读取数据流
_, p, err := ws.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
mlogger.i("Host: " + remoteAddr + " disconnected ...")
break
}
length := len(p)
if length == 4 || length == 5 {
//length == 4，说明在web上发送ws.send('stop')
//length == 5，说明在web上发送ws.send('start')
action := string(p)
mlogger.i("Client's action: " + action + " recording !")
if action == "stop" {
goto SAVE
} else {
goto RESTART
}
}
w.Write(p)
continue
SAVE:
mlogger.i("Host: " + remoteAddr + " saving wav file wav ...")
w.Flush()
mlogger.i("Host: " + remoteAddr + " flushing writer ...")
f.Close()
mlogger.i("Host: " + remoteAddr + " closing the file handler ...")
continue
RESTART:
os.Remove(wavName)
f, err = os.Create(wavName)
mlogger.i("Host: " + remoteAddr + " creating file handler ...")
// defer f.Close()
if err != nil {
mlogger.e(err)
return
}
w = bufio.NewWriter(f)
}
return
}在路由设置上：
beego.Router("/record", &controllers.RecordController{})
beego.Router("/record/join", &controllers.RecordController{}, "get:Join")补：
注意到在record.html中：
intervalKey = setInterval(function() {
rec.exportWAV(function(blob) {
rec.clear();
ws.send(blob);
});
}, 3000);
setInterval函数中function里ws.send(blob)每过3秒就往服务器发送blob数据，在 recorderWorker.js中的encordWAV函数中，往裸语音数据数据加44位wav头数据，而数据的长度一直是本周期内所录语音数据的长度，这就会出现，最后在服务器保存了3秒以上的数据，但是读到的wav头中关于数据长度的值则只有3秒或3秒以内。并且，每次都往数据wav头也是不对的，44位wav并不是有效的语音数据。所以在recorderWorker.js中应修改encordWAV代码：
function encodeWAV(samples) {
var buffer = new ArrayBuffer(samples.length * 2);
var view = new DataView(buffer);
floatTo16BitPCM(view, 0, samples);
return view;
}
这样就直接往服务器传输裸语音数据流，在record.html上点击发送按钮的事件函数里，添加
$('#export').click(function() {
rec.stop();
if (intervalKey==null) {
$("#message").text("请先录音再发送！");
return
};
ws.send(sampleRate);
ws.send(channels);
console.log('sampleRate:'+sampleRate+',channels:'+channels);
ws.send("stop");
rec.clear();
clearInterval(intervalKey);
$("#message").text("已发送到服务器！");
});
服务器就能收到收到数据的samplerate采样率，channels声道数。相应的在golang服务器代码join方法中，添加写44位wav头的代码，把这数据头写在裸语音数据缓存的最前端并保存wav文件即可：
type wavHeader []byte
//wav 44位文件头
func SetHeader(sampleRate int, channel int, length uint32) (header wavHeader) {
header = make([]byte, 44)
chunkSize := length + 36
header[0] = 'R'
header[1] = 'I'
header[2] = 'F'
header[3] = 'F'
header[4] = byte(chunkSize & 0xff)
header[5] = byte((chunkSize >> 8) & 0xff)
header[6] = byte((chunkSize >> 16) & 0xff)
header[7] = byte((chunkSize >> 24) & 0xff)
header[8] = 'W'
header[9] = 'A'
header[10] = 'V'
header[11] = 'E'
header[12] = 'f'
header[13] = 'm'
header[14] = 't'
header[15] = ' '
header[16] = 16
header[17] = 0
header[18] = 0
header[19] = 0
header[20] = 1
header[21] = 0
header[22] = byte(channel & 0xff) //1 or 2
header[23] = 0
header[24] = byte(sampleRate & 0xff) //64 8000
header[25] = byte((sampleRate >> 8) & 0xff) //31 8000
header[26] = byte((sampleRate >> 16) & 0xff) //0
header[27] = byte((sampleRate >> 24) & 0xff) //0
header[28] = byte((sampleRate * 2 * channel) & 0xff) //128 800
header[29] = byte((sampleRate * 2 * channel) >> 8 & 0xff) //62
header[30] = byte((sampleRate * 2 * channel) >> 16 & 0xff) //0
header[31] = byte((sampleRate * 2 * channel) >> 24 & 0xff) //0
header[32] = byte((channel * 2) & 0xff) //2 or 4
header[33] = 0
header[34] = 16
header[35] = 0
header[36] = 'd'
header[37] = 'a'
header[38] = 't'
header[39] = 'a'
header[40] = byte(length & 0xff)
header[41] = byte((length >> 8) & 0xff)
header[42] = byte((length >> 16) & 0xff)
header[43] = byte((length >> 24) & 0xff)
return
} 如果需要去除语音的静音部分，参考我的github：github.com/liuxp0827/waveIO。最新的waveIO包没来得及上传，对delSilence函数做下修改即可。
完整代码，请浏览附件：http://down.51cto.com/data/1092540。
这样，从前端录音，到websocket传输数据，再到beego后端读写数据到服务器本地就可实现了