字符串是否为空
    str := ""
    
    //方式一
    if len(str) == 0{
        fmt.Println("len(str):string is null")
    }

    //方式二
    if str == "" {
        fmt.Println("==:string is null")
    }
    //运行结果:
    //len(str):string is null
    //==:string is null
判断结构体是否已经初始化

概念区分:
空结构表示该结构中没有字段。
例如:

type NumStruct struct {
}

以下代码主要也是判断结构体中是否有值,是否已经初始化。

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "reflect"
)

type FiveTuple_Input struct {
    Protocol string
    Saddr string
    Sport string
    Daddr string
    Dport string
}

func (t FiveTuple_Input) IsEmpty() bool {
    return reflect.DeepEqual(t, FiveTuple_Input{})
}

func main() {
    var testStruct1 FiveTuple_Input
    var testStruct2 = FiveTuple_Input{"TCP", "1.1.1.1", "123", "2.2.2.2", "456"}

    //方式一
    if testStruct1 == (FiveTuple_Input{}) {
        fmt.Println("testStruct1 is empty")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("testStruct1 is not empty")
    }

    if testStruct2 != (FiveTuple_Input{}) {
        fmt.Println("testStruct2 ", testStruct2 ," is not empty")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("testStruct2 ", testStruct2 ," is empty")
    }
    //运行结果:
    //testStruct1 is empty
    //testStruct2  {TCP 1.1.1.1 123 2.2.2.2 456}  is not empty


    //方式二
    if testStruct1.IsEmpty() {
        fmt.Println("reflect deep:testStruct1 is empty")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("reflect deep:testStruct1 is not empty")    
    }

    if !testStruct2.IsEmpty() {
        fmt.Println("reflect deep:testStruct2 ", testStruct2 ," is not empty")
    } else {
        fmt.Println("reflect deep:testStruct2 ", testStruct2 ," is empty")
    }
    //运行结果:
    //reflect deep:testStruct1 is empty
    //reflect deep:testStruct2  {TCP 1.1.1.1 123 2.2.2.2 456}  is not empty
}
判断数据结构是否相等
reflect.DeepEqual(a, b)

reflect.DeepEqual的使用,可参考:
https://studygolang.com/articles/2194