目录
database/sqlsqlxsqlxsqlx.InDB.NamedExec
sqlx介绍
database/sqlsqlxdatabase/sqldatabase/sqlGet(dest interface{}, ...) errorselect(dest interface{}, ...) error
安装sqlx
go get github.com/jmoiron/sqlx
基本使用
连接数据库
var db *sqlx.DB
func initDB() (err error) {
dsn := "user:password@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/sql_test?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True"
// 也可以使用MustConnect连接不成功就panic
db, err = sqlx.Connect("mysql", dsn)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("connect DB failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
db.SetMaxOpenConns(20)
db.SetMaxIdleConns(10)
return
}
查询
查询单行数据示例代码如下:
// 查询单条数据示例
func queryRowDemo() {
sqlStr := "select id, name, age from user where id=?"
var u user
err := db.Get(&u, sqlStr, 1)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("get failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Printf("id:%d name:%s age:%d\n", u.ID, u.Name, u.Age)
}
查询多行数据示例代码如下:
// 查询多条数据示例
func queryMultiRowDemo() {
sqlStr := "select id, name, age from user where id > ?"
var users []user
err := db.select(&users, sqlStr, 0)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("query failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Printf("users:%#v\n", users)
}
插入、更新和删除
sqlx中的exec方法与原生sql中的exec使用基本一致:
// 插入数据
func insertRowDemo() {
sqlStr := "insert into user(name, age) values (?,?)"
ret, err := db.exec(sqlStr, "沙河小王子", 19)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
theID, err := ret.LastInsertId() // 新插入数据的id
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("get lastinsert ID failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Printf("insert success, the id is %d.\n", theID)
}
// 更新数据
func updateRowDemo() {
sqlStr := "update user set age=? where id = ?"
ret, err := db.exec(sqlStr, 39, 6)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("update failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
n, err := ret.RowsAffected() // 操作影响的行数
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("get RowsAffected failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Printf("update success, affected rows:%d\n", n)
}
// 删除数据
func deleteRowDemo() {
sqlStr := "delete from user where id = ?"
ret, err := db.exec(sqlStr, 6)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("delete failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
n, err := ret.RowsAffected() // 操作影响的行数
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("get RowsAffected failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
fmt.Printf("delete success, affected rows:%d\n", n)
}
NamedExec
DB.NamedExec
func insertUserDemo()(err error){
sqlStr := "insert INTO user (name,age) VALUES (:name,:age)"
_, err = db.NamedExec(sqlStr,
map[string]interface{}{
"name": "七米",
"age": 28,
})
return
}
NamedQuery
DB.NamedExec
func namedQuery(){
sqlStr := "select * FROM user WHERE name=:name"
// 使用map做命名查询
rows, err := db.NamedQuery(sqlStr, map[string]interface{}{"name": "七米"})
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("db.NamedQuery failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next(){
var u user
err := rows.StructScan(&u)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("scan failed, err:%v\n", err)
continue
}
fmt.Printf("user:%#v\n", u)
}
u := user{
Name: "七米",
}
// 使用结构体命名查询,根据结构体字段的 db tag进行映射
rows, err = db.NamedQuery(sqlStr, u)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("db.NamedQuery failed, err:%v\n", err)
return
}
defer rows.Close()
for rows.Next(){
var u user
err := rows.StructScan(&u)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("scan failed, err:%v\n", err)
continue
}
fmt.Printf("user:%#v\n", u)
}
}
事务操作
sqlxdb.Beginx()tx.exec()
func transactionDemo2()(err error) {
tx, err := db.Beginx() // 开启事务
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("begin trans failed, err:%v\n", err)
return err
}
defer func() {
if p := recover(); p != nil {
tx.Rollback()
panic(p) // re-throw panic after Rollback
} else if err != nil {
fmt.Println("rollback")
tx.Rollback() // err is non-nil; don't change it
} else {
err = tx.Commit() // err is nil; if Commit returns error update err
fmt.Println("commit")
}
}()
sqlStr1 := "update user set age=20 where id=?"
rs, err := tx.exec(sqlStr1, 1)
if err!= nil{
return err
}
n, err := rs.RowsAffected()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if n != 1 {
return errors.New("exec sqlStr1 failed")
}
sqlStr2 := "update user set age=50 where i=?"
rs, err = tx.exec(sqlStr2, 5)
if err!=nil{
return err
}
n, err = rs.RowsAffected()
if err != nil {
return err
}
if n != 1 {
return errors.New("exec sqlStr1 failed")
}
return err
}
sqlx.In
sqlx.Insqlx
sqlx.In的批量插入示例
表结构
user
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` BIGINT(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT '',
`age` INT(11) DEFAULT '0',
PRIMARY KEY(`id`)
)ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
结构体
user
type User struct {
Name string `db:"name"`
Age int `db:"age"`
}
bindvars(绑定变量)
?database/sqlbindvars
?$1$2?$1:name
bindvarsbindvars
// ?不能用来插入表名(做SQL语句中表名的占位符)
db.Query("select * FROM ?", "mytable")
// ?也不能用来插入列名(做SQL语句中列名的占位符)
db.Query("select ?, ? FROM people", "name", "location")
自己拼接语句实现批量插入
(?, ?)
// BatchInsertUsers 自行构造批量插入的语句
func BatchInsertUsers(users []*User) error {
// 存放 (?, ?) 的slice
valueStrings := make([]string, 0, len(users))
// 存放values的slice
valueArgs := make([]interface{}, 0, len(users) * 2)
// 遍历users准备相关数据
for _, u := range users {
// 此处占位符要与插入值的个数对应
valueStrings = append(valueStrings, "(?, ?)")
valueArgs = append(valueArgs, u.Name)
valueArgs = append(valueArgs, u.Age)
}
// 自行拼接要执行的具体语句
stmt := fmt.Sprintf("insert INTO user (name, age) VALUES %s",
strings.Join(valueStrings, ","))
_, err := DB.exec(stmt, valueArgs...)
return err
}
使用sqlx.In实现批量插入
driver.Valuer
func (u User) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
return []interface{}{u.Name, u.Age}, nil
}
sqlx.In
// BatchInsertUsers2 使用sqlx.In帮我们拼接语句和参数, 注意传入的参数是[]interface{}
func BatchInsertUsers2(users []interface{}) error {
query, args, _ := sqlx.In(
"insert INTO user (name, age) VALUES (?), (?), (?)",
users..., // 如果arg实现了 driver.Valuer, sqlx.In 会通过调用 Value()来展开它
)
fmt.Println(query) // 查看生成的querystring
fmt.Println(args) // 查看生成的args
_, err := DB.exec(query, args...)
return err
}
使用NamedExec实现批量插入
;
NamedExec
// BatchInsertUsers3 使用NamedExec实现批量插入
func BatchInsertUsers3(users []*User) error {
_, err := DB.NamedExec("insert INTO user (name, age) VALUES (:name, :age)", users)
return err
}
把上面三种方法综合起来试一下:
func main() {
err := initDB()
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer DB.Close()
u1 := User{Name: "七米", Age: 18}
u2 := User{Name: "q1mi", Age: 28}
u3 := User{Name: "小王子", Age: 38}
// 方法1
users := []*User{&u1, &u2, &u3}
err = BatchInsertUsers(users)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("BatchInsertUsers failed, err:%v\n", err)
}
// 方法2
users2 := []interface{}{u1, u2, u3}
err = BatchInsertUsers2(users2)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("BatchInsertUsers2 failed, err:%v\n", err)
}
// 方法3
users3 := []*User{&u1, &u2, &u3}
err = BatchInsertUsers3(users3)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("BatchInsertUsers3 failed, err:%v\n", err)
}
}
sqlx.In的查询示例
sqlx.Insqlxselect * FROM user WHERE id in (3, 2, 1);select * FROM user WHERE id in (3, 2, 1) ORDER BY FIND_IN_SET(id, '3,2,1');
in查询
查询id在给定id集合中的数据。
// QueryByIDs 根据给定ID查询
func QueryByIDs(ids []int)(users []User, err error){
// 动态填充id
query, args, err := sqlx.In("select name, age FROM user WHERE id IN (?)", ids)
if err != nil {
return
}
// sqlx.In 返回带 `?` bindvar的查询语句, 我们使用Rebind()重新绑定它
query = DB.Rebind(query)
err = DB.select(&users, query, args...)
return
}
in查询和FIND_IN_SET函数
查询id在给定id集合的数据并维持给定id集合的顺序。
// QueryAndOrderByIDs 按照指定id查询并维护顺序
func QueryAndOrderByIDs(ids []int)(users []User, err error){
// 动态填充id
strIDs := make([]string, 0, len(ids))
for _, id := range ids {
strIDs = append(strIDs, fmt.Sprintf("%d", id))
}
query, args, err := sqlx.In("select name, age FROM user WHERE id IN (?) ORDER BY FIND_IN_SET(id, ?)", ids, strings.Join(strIDs, ","))
if err != nil {
return
}
// sqlx.In 返回带 `?` bindvar的查询语句, 我们使用Rebind()重新绑定它
query = DB.Rebind(query)
err = DB.select(&users, query, args...)
return
}
IN
参考链接: