golang切片扩容为什么是2倍?

golang切片扩容为什么是2倍?

这么问其实另有目的,为了提醒go切片扩容有两步

1. 确定切片的大致容量

growslice

• 切片长度小于1024新的大致容量为两倍
• 切片大于1024新的大致容量为1.25倍

func growslice(et *_type, old slice, cap int) slice {
	newcap := old.cap
	doublecap := newcap + newcap
	if cap > doublecap {
		newcap = cap
	} else {
		if old.cap < 1024 {
			newcap = doublecap
		} else {
			for 0 < newcap && newcap < cap {
				newcap += newcap / 4
			}
			if newcap <= 0 {
				newcap = cap
			}
		}
	}

2. 根据元素所占字节大小,最终确定容量

当元素所占字节大小为 1、8 或者 2 的倍数时,会执行内存对齐操作;

newcapnewcap

元素所占字节为2的幂时,会将第一步中得到的大致容量作左移、右移操作,我理解这就是为什么第一步的扩容倍数是2的原因~ 【这一点还请大佬们帮忙指正和补充,日常抛砖引玉】

	var overflow bool
	var lenmem, newlenmem, capmem uintptr
	switch {
	case et.size == 1:
		lenmem = uintptr(old.len)
		newlenmem = uintptr(cap)
		capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap))
		overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc
		newcap = int(capmem)
	case et.size == sys.PtrSize:
		lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * sys.PtrSize
		newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * sys.PtrSize
		capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) * sys.PtrSize)
		overflow = uintptr(newcap) > maxAlloc/sys.PtrSize
		newcap = int(capmem / sys.PtrSize)
	case isPowerOfTwo(et.size):
		var shift uintptr
		if sys.PtrSize == 8 {
			shift = uintptr(sys.Ctz64(uint64(et.size))) & 63
		} else {
			shift = uintptr(sys.Ctz32(uint32(et.size))) & 31
		}
		lenmem = uintptr(old.len) << shift
		newlenmem = uintptr(cap) << shift
		capmem = roundupsize(uintptr(newcap) << shift)
		overflow = uintptr(newcap) > (maxAlloc >> shift)
		newcap = int(capmem >> shift)
	default:
		lenmem = uintptr(old.len) * et.size
		newlenmem = uintptr(cap) * et.size
		capmem, overflow = math.MulUintptr(et.size, uintptr(newcap))
		capmem = roundupsize(capmem)
		newcap = int(capmem / et.size)
	}

roundupsizeclass_to_size

// Returns size of the memory block that mallocgc will allocate if you ask for the size.
func roundupsize(size uintptr) uintptr {
	if size < _MaxSmallSize {
		if size <= smallSizeMax-8 {
			return uintptr(class_to_size[size_to_class8[(size+smallSizeDiv-1)/smallSizeDiv]])
		} else {
			return uintptr(class_to_size[size_to_class128[(size-smallSizeMax+largeSizeDiv-1)/largeSizeDiv]])
		}
	}
	if size+_PageSize < size {
		return size
	}
	return round(size, _PageSize)
}

memmove

if overflow || capmem > maxAlloc {
		panic(errorString("growslice: cap out of range"))
	}

	var p unsafe.Pointer
	if et.ptrdata == 0 {
		p = mallocgc(capmem, nil, false)
		// The append() that calls growslice is going to overwrite from old.len to cap (which will be the new length).
		// Only clear the part that will not be overwritten.
		memclrNoHeapPointers(add(p, newlenmem), capmem-newlenmem)
	} else {
		// Note: can't use rawmem (which avoids zeroing of memory), because then GC can scan uninitialized memory.
		p = mallocgc(capmem, et, true)
		if lenmem > 0 && writeBarrier.enabled {
			// Only shade the pointers in old.array since we know the destination slice p
			// only contains nil pointers because it has been cleared during alloc.
			bulkBarrierPreWriteSrcOnly(uintptr(p), uintptr(old.array), lenmem-et.size+et.ptrdata)
		}
	}
	memmove(p, old.array, lenmem)

	return slice{p, old.len, newcap}

3. 参考