Golang channel的range、close操作

关于channel读取时的返回值

Often, functions use these additional results to indicate some kind of error, either by returning an error as in the call to os.Open, or a bool, usually called ok. If a map lookup, type assertion, or channel receive appears in an assignment in which two results are expected, each produces an additional boolean result:
v, ok = m[key] // map lookup
v, ok = x.(T) // type assertion
v, ok = <-ch // channel receive

对上的文字解释下:map查找,类型断言和读channel数据都会返回两个值,第二个返回值是表示成功或失败的布尔值。
读channel时,第二个值返回为false时表示channel被关闭。

一、循环从channel中读取数据

  1. 方法一:
for{
    if value,ok:=<-ch;ok{
        //do somthing
    }else{
        break;//表示channel已经被关闭,退出循环
    }
}
  1. 方法二:
//range
ch:=make(chan int ,3)
ch<-1
ch<-2
ch<-3

for value:=range ch{
    fmt.Print(value)
}

//输出:123
//然后会一直阻塞当前协程,如果在其他协程中调用了close(ch),那么就会跳出for range循环。这也就是for range的特别之处

二、关闭channel

关闭一个channel只需要调用函数close()即可

注意:
1. 如果channel已经关闭,继续往它发送数据会导致panic: send on closed channel
2. 关闭一个已经关闭的channel也会导致panic: close of closed channel
3. channel关闭后,仍然可以从中读取以发送的数据,读取完数据后,将读取到零值,可以多次读取。

func test(){
    ch:=make(chan int,3)
    ch<-3
    ch<-2
    ch<-1
    close(ch)
    fmt.Print(<-ch)
    fmt.Print(<-ch)
    fmt.Print(<-ch)
    fmt.Print(<-ch)
    fmt.Print(<-ch)
}

//输出:32100