第一步:列出可安装的桌面环境

[root@local ~]# yum grouplist

第二步:安装GNOME及相应桌面管理工具

[root@local ~]# yum group info  "Graphical Administration Tools" # 查看安装的包有哪些内容
[root@local ~]# yum -y groups install "GNOME DESKTOP" "Graphical Administration Tools"

安装过程如遇报错:
Transaction check error:
file /boot/efi/EFI/centos from install of fwupdate-efi-12-5.el7.centos.x86_64 conflicts with file from package grub2-common-1:2.02-0.65.el7.centos.2.noarch

yum update grub2-common
yum install -y grub2-efi
yum install -y fwupdate

第三步:设置开机启动为GNOME

[root@local ~]# systemctl set-default graphical.target

第四步:重启

[root@local ~]# reboot